Constraints in the Primary Production of Bananas in the Davao Region, Philippines
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5555/ijosmas.v3i1.84Abstract
This quantitative study examines the constraints in the primary production of bananas in Davao Region, Philippines. Various studies and climate projections by PAGASA proved the existence of climate change. Climatic variables (i.e. average temperature, rainfall amount, and relative humidity), Panama disease occurrence, and government support dataset are derived from government agencies from 1990-2019. Multiple regression analysis and other statistical tests are used. Most studies imply that there is a negative relationship between banana production to climate variables and panama disease but a positive relationship to government support. Results of this study show that climate variable indicators display a negative significant relationship on the volume of banana production which adheres to past studies while Panama disease and government support indicate an insignificant relationship which contradicts other studies. This study is therefore intended to impart practical knowledge to help farmers to be prepared for the adverse risks of climate change on their crops. It is also expected that this provides policy recommendations for the government to arrive at appropriate policies based upon ground realities.
Downloads
References
Agrios. G. N. (2005). What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2. London, UK. Elsevier: New Phytologist, 165, 351–372.
Ahanger, R. A., Bhat, T. A., Junaid, J., Khan, O. A., Haq, S., Ganai, S. A., . . . Bhat, H. A. (2013). Impact of Climate Change on Plant Diseases. International Journal of Modern Plant & Animal Sciences. Retrieved from www.ModernScientificPress.com/Journals/IJPlant.aspx
Akkaravessapong, P., Joyce, D., & Turner, D. (1992). The relative humidity at which bananas are stored or ripened does not influence their susceptibility to mechanical damage. Scientia Horticulturae, 52(3), 265-268. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(92)90027-A
Alboghdady, M. & El-Hendawy, S.E. (2016). "Economic impacts of climate change and variability on agricultural production in the Middle East and North Africa region". International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 8(3), 463-472. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-07-2015-0100
Almeselmani, M., Abdullah, F., Hareri, F., Naaesan, M., Ammar, M., ZuherKanba, O., & Saud, A. (2011). Effect of Drought on Different Physiological Characters and Yield Component in Different Varieties of Syrian Durum Wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science, 3(3). doi:10.5539/jas.v3n3p127
Amadore, L. (n.d.). Philippine Strategy on Climate Change Adaptation. seors. Retrieved November 29, 2021, from https://seors.unfccc.int/applications/seors/attachments/get_attachment?code=6A8DFSD8UX2W3
Anderson, K. (2013). Distortions to Agricultural Incentives. Washington, DC: The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-7665-2
Andri, K. B., Santosa, P., & Arifin, Z. (2011). An empirical study of supply chain and intensification program on Madura tobacco industry in East Java. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 6 (1), 58-66. 10.3923/ijar.2011.58.66
Arora-Jonsson, S. (2011). Virtue and vulnerability: Discourses on women, gender and climate Change. Elsevier: Global Environmental Change, 21 (1), 745-747. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2011.01.005
Asseng, S., Zhu, Y., Wang, E., & Zhang, W. (2015). Crop modeling for climate change impact and adaptation. Elsevier: In Crop Physiology, 505–546. doi: 10.3390/plants8020034.
Assuncão, J., & Chein, F. (2016). Climate change and agricultural productivity in Brazil: future perspectives. Environment and Development Economics, 1–22. Doi: 10.1017/S1355770X1600005X
Australia, Australian Growers Council. (n.d.). Panama Disease. Retrieved March 15, 2021, from http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/banana/documents/Docs_Resources_2015/TR4/Panama-d isease-FS.pdf
Bagtasa, G. (2017). Contribution of Tropical Cyclones to Rainfall in the Philippines. American Meteorological Society Journals, 30 (10), 3621-3623. https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0150.1
Bardhan, P., & Mookherjee, D. (2011). Subsidized Farm Input Programs and Agricultural Performance: A Farm-Level Analysis of West Bengal's Green Revolution, 1982-1995. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 3 (4), 186-190. DOI: 10.1257/app.3.4.186
Barrett, C., Bachke, M., Bellemare, M., Michelson, H., & Narayanan, S. (2012). Smallholder Participation in Contract Farming: Comparative Evidence from Five Countries. Elsevier: World Development, 40 (4), 715-720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.09.006
Beach, R., & McCarl, B. (2010). U.S. Agricultural and Forestry Impacts of the Energy Independence and Security Act: FASOM Results and Model Description. Washington, DC: Research Triangle Institute. Retrieved from https://yosemite.epa.gov/sab/sabproduct.nsf/962ffb6750050099852577820072dfde/$file/fasom+r eport_eisa_fr.pdf
Blanc, E., & Strobl, E. (2016). Assessing the Impact of Typhoons on Rice Production in the Philippines, American Meteorological Society: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 55 (4), 993-1005. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-15-0214.1
Blankenship, S. M., & Hederman, R. W. (1995). High relative humidity after ethylene gassing is important to banana fruit quality. HortTechnology, 5 (1), 150–151. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.5.2.150
Brief history of banana Fusarium Wilt. (n.d.). Retrieved March 15, 2021, from http://www.sun.ac.za/english/faculty/agri/plant-pathology/ac4tr4/background/brief-historyOf-banana-fusarium-wilt
Brown, D., Calberto, G., Blake, D., Staver, C., & Carvajal. M. (2018) The frequency and effects of weather events on banana productivity – results of a global survey. ISHS Acta Horticulturae, 1196 (1), 179-186. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1196.22
Calberto, G., Blake, D., Staver, C., Carvajal, M. & Brown, D. (2018). The frequency and effects of weather events on banana productivity - results of a global survey. Acta Hortic, 1196 (1), 179-186. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2018.1196.22
Calberto, G., Staver, C., & Siles, P. (2015). An assessment of global banana production and suitability under climate change scenarios. In Climate Change and Food Systems: Global Assessments and Implications for Food Security and Trade, A. Elbehri, ed. Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), pp. 264–291
Calica, G. B., Lingbawan, K., & Dela Cruz, R. (2018). Assessment of the Postharvest Handling Systems and Losses of Cardava Banana in the Philippines. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.19939.40489
Carr, M. K. V. (2009). The Water Relations and Irrigation Requirements of Banana (Musa Spp.). Experimental Agriculture. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/c8re/journals/experimental-agriculture/article/abs/water-relations-and -irrigation-requirements-of-banana-musa-spp/05891D7F8A34F0D4F2D9726ECFA500E7
Cavite, H. J., & Abamo, A. (2017). Profitability Analysis of Banana (Musa balbisiana) Industry in Bato, Leyte, Philippines: A Value Chain Approach. International Journal of Agricultural Technology, 13. http://www.ijat-aatsea.com.
Charkraborty, S., & Datta, S. (2003). How will plant pathogens adapt to host plant resistance at elevated CO2 under a changing climate? New Phytologist, 159 (1), 733-742.
Chandra, A., McNamara, K., Dargusch, P., Caspe, A., & Dalabajan, D. (2016). Gendered vulnerabilities of smallholder farmers to climate change in conflict-prone areas: A case study from Mindanao, Philippines, Elsevier: Journal of Rural Studies, 50 (1), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.12.011
Chakraborty, S., & Datta, S. (2003). How will plant pathogens adapt to host plant resistance at elevated CO2 under a changing climate? New Phytologist, 159 (1), 733-742. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00842.x
Chao, Y., Wu, C., Wu, H., & Chen, W. (2018). Trend analysis for national SURVEYS: Application to all variables from the Canadian Health Measures Survey Cycle 1 to 4. PLOS ONE, 13(8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200127
Chou, C., & Lan, C. (2012). Changes in the Annual Range of Precipitation under Global Warming. Jstor: Journal of Climate, 25 (1), 222. DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00097.1
Chou, C., Chiang, J., Lan, C., Chung, C., Liao, Y., & Lee, C. (2013). Increase in the range between wet and dry season precipitation. Nature Geoscience, 6 (1), 263–264. https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1744
Cinco, T., De Guzman, R., Hilario, F., & Wilson, D. (2014). Long-term trends and extremes in observed daily precipitation and near surface air temperature in the Philippines for the period 1951–2010. Science direct: Atmospheric Research, 145-146 (1), 12-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.03.025
Clegg, P. (2002) The Establishment of The WindWard Islands Banana Industry: Commercial Opportunity and Colonial Necessity. Social and Economic Studies, 51 (2). https://www.jstor.org/stable/27865279.
Climate change impacts. (n.d.). Retrieved May 01, 2021, from https://niccdies.climate.gov.ph/climate-change-impacts
Coakley, S. M., & Scherm H. (1996). Plant disease in a changing global environment. Aspects of Applied Biology, 45 (1), 227–38. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=GB19970005302
Cole, S., Bastian, G., Vyas, S., Wendel, C., & Stein, D. (2012). The effectiveness of index-based micro-insurance in helping smallholders manage weather-related risks. London: EPPI-Centre, Social Science Research Unit, Institute of Education, University of London. Retrieved from https://www.biopasos.com/biblioteca/105v%20MicroinsuranceWeather2012ColeReport.pdf
Cook, D. C., Taylor, A. S., Meldrum, R. A., & Drenth, A. (2015). Potential economic impact of Panama disease (Tropical Race 4) on the Australian banana industry. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 122 (5-6), 229-237. doi:10.1007/bf03356557
Crost, B., Duquennois, C., Felter, J. & Rees, D. (2018). Climate change, agricultural production and civil conflict: Evidence from the Philippines, Elsevier: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 88 (1), 379- 390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2018.01.005
Cruz, F., Narisma, G., Villafuerte, M., Chua, K., & Olaguera, L. (2013). A climatological analysis of the southwest monsoon rainfall in the Philippines. Science direct: Atmospheric Research, 122 (1), 609-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.010
Dait, J.M. (2015). Effect of Climate Change on Philippine Agriculture. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 4 (9), 1922-1924
Daniells, J., Englberger, L., & Lorens, A. (2011). Banana and Plantain. Specialty Crops for Pacific Island Agroforestry. Permanent Agriculture Resources (PAR), Holualoa, Hawai. Retrieved from https://agroforestry.org/images/pdfs/Banana_specialty_crop.pdf
De-Graft, H., & Kweku, C. (2012). The Effects of Climatic Variables and Crop Area on Maize c Sciences, Yield and Variability in Ghana. Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic, 10 (10), 10-12. DOI: 10.18551/rjoas.2012-10.02
Debela, N., Mohammed, C., Bridle, K., Corkrey, R., & McNeil D. (2015) Perception of climate change and its impact by smallholders in pastoral/agropastoral systems of Borana, South Ethiopia. SpringerPlus, 4 (1), 236. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-1012-9
Dela Cruz, J., & Jansen, K. (2017). Panama disease and contract farming in the Philippines: Towards a political ecology of risk. Journal of Agrarian Change, 249- 264. https://doi.org/10.1111/joac.12226
Dela Cueva FM, Silva FF MAS, Sinohin VGO, Molina AB. (2014). Evaluation of different Musa cultivars against “Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4”. Poster Presented at the 4th International Banana Symposium 2014 in Davao City, Philippines. November 17–21, 2014
Delos Reyes, J. H. & Pelupessy, W. (2009) Agrarian Reform in the Philippine Banana Chain (Discussion Paper / 2009.03) Institute of Development Policy and Management
Delos Reyes, M., & David, W. (2009). The effect of El Niño on rice production in the Philippines. Phillipine Agricultural Scientist, 92 (2), 170.
Dell, M., Jones, B. F., & Olken, B. A. (2012). Temperature shocks and economic Growth: Evidence from the last half century. American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 4(3), 66-95. doi:10.1257/mac.4.3.66
Department of Agriculture. (2018). Philippine Banana Industry Roadmap 2019-2022. Retrieved from https://www.da.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Philippine-Banana-Industry-Roadma p-2019-2022.pdf
Department of Agriculture (2021). Regional Profile. Retrieved from http://davao.da.gov.ph/index.php/about-us/regional-profile
Department of the Interior and Local Government (2011). Climate Change in the Philippines. Retrieved from https://dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/reports_resources/DILG-Resources-2012130-2ef223f591.pdf
Digal, L. (2007). Agricultural Contracts in Mindanao: the Case of Banana and Pineapple. Philippines: Philippine Institute for Development Studies. Retrieved from https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps0724.pdf
Dikitanan, R., Grosjean, G., Nowak, A., & Leyte, J. (2017). Climate-Resilient Agriculture in Philippines. Retrieved from https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/82572/CRA_Profile_Philippines.pdf
Dita, M. A., Garming, H., Van den Bergh, I., Staver, C., & Lescot, T. (2013). Bananas in Latin America and the Caribbean: Current state, challenges and perspectives. Acta Hortic, 986 (1), 365-380. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2013.986.39
Dourte, D. R., Fraisse, C. W., & Bartels, W. (2015) Exploring changes in rainfall intensity and seasonal variability in the Southeastern U.S.: Stakeholder engagement, observations, and adaptation. Climate Risk Management, 7 (1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2015.02.001
Drenth, A., Kema, G. H., Dita, M., Jansen, K., Vellema, S., & Stoorvogel, J. J. (2021). Fusarium wilt of banana, a recurring threat to global banana production. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11:628888, doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.628888
Drenth A., & Taylor, A. (2015). Potential Economic Impact of Panama Disease (Tropical Race 4) on the Australian Banana Industry. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection -New Series, 122 (5-6), 229-237. DOI: 10.1007/BF03356557
Enabling Regions 10 and 11 to Cope With Climate Change (Project Climate Twin Phoenix, n.d)
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2015. The State of Food and Agriculture. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2017a. Banana Market Review 2015-2016. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). 2017b. Banana Statistical Compendium 2015-2016. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Rome
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (n.d). Planting the seeds of recovery in the Philippines after typhoon Haiyan. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/in-action/planting-the-seeds-of-recovery-in-the-philippines-after-typhoon-haiy an/en/
Fresh Fruit Portal (2015). Land reform regulation bill threatens world's second-largest banana exporter. Retrieved from https://www.freshfruitportal.com/news/2015/05/08/land-reform-regulation-bill-threatens-worlds-s econd-largest-banana-exporter/
Wageningen University & Research. Fusarium Wilt. (2019, June 19). Retrieved March 15, 2021, from https://fusariumwilt.org/index.php/en/about-fusarium-wilt/
Gaard, G. (2015). Ecofeminism and climate change. Elsevier: Women's Studies International Forum, 49 (1), 20-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2015.02.004
García-Bastidas, F., Ordóñez, N., Konkol, J., Al-Qasim, M., Naser, Z., Abdelwali, M., Salem, N., Waalwijk, C., Ploetz, R., & Kema,G. (2014). First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 Associated with Panama Disease of Banana outside Southeast Asia. The American Phytopathological Society Publications, 96 (1), 653. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-13-0954-PDN
García-Bastidas, F. A., Quintero-Vargas, J. C., Ayala-Vasquez, M., Schermer, T., Seidl, M. F., & Santos-Paiva, M. (2020). First report of Fusarium wilt Tropical race 4 in Cavendish bananas caused by Fusarium odoratissimum in Colombia. Plant Disease, 104 (1), 994–994. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-09-19- 1922-PDN
Gavin, S., & Campbell, E. (2008). Heat and temperature, Continuing Education in Anaesthesia Critical Care & Pain. 8 (3), 104–107. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjaceaccp/mkn014
Getting a grip on climate change in the Philippines. (n.d.). Retrieved March 12, 2021, from https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/philippines/publication/getting-a-grip-on-climate-ch ange-in-the-philippines
Ghini, R., Bettiol, W., & Hamada, E. (2011). Diseases in tropical and plantation crops as affected by climate changes: Current knowledge and perspectives. Plant Pathology, 60 (1), 122-132. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02403.x
Grossman, M. (2018). Climate Change and the Individual. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 66 (1), 345. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcl/avy018
Guia, J. (2012). Davao del Norte: The Banana Capital of the Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.vigattintourism.com/tourism/articles/Davao-del-Norte-The-Banana-Capital-of -the-Philippines
Guo, H., Jolly, R., & Zhu, J. (2007). Contract Farming in China: Perspectives of Farm Households and Agribusiness Firms. Springer Link: Comparative Economic Studies, 49 (1), 285-290. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ces.8100202
Gupta, R., & Mishra, A. (2019). Climate change induced impact and uncertainty of rice yield of agro-ecological zones of India. Elsevier: Agricultural systems, 173 (1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.01.009
Hanif, U., Syed, S., Ahmad, R., Malik, K., & Nasir, M. (2010). Economic impact of climate change on the agricultural sector of Punjab. The Pakistan Development Review, 49 (4), 771-798. doi:10.2307/41428690
Hasanah, M. (2019). Between the domination of transnational companies and its discourse on business and human rights Contract farming and banana small farmers in the Davao Region (The Philippines).
Hosseingholizadeh, N., Haghighat, J., & Mohammadrezaei, R. (2014). Examining Subsidy Polices on Maize Production in Iran (Panel Data Approach). International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development (IJAMAD), 4 (3), 171-182. 10.22004/ag.econ.246095
Hubbell, S., & Gilbert, G. (1996). Plant Diseases and the Conservation of Tropical Forests: Conservation planners need to consider the roles diseases play in natural communities. BioScience, 46(2), 98–104. https://doi.org/10.2307/1312812
IPCC, 2007. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. In: Pachauri, R.K., Reisinger, A. (Eds.), Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Core Writing Team. IPCC., Geneva, Disponivel em: https://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/wg1/029.htm#storya1
IPCC (2012). Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disasters to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. A Special Report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Field, C.B., V. Barros, T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, D.J. Dokken, K.L. Ebi, M.D. Mastrandrea, K.J. Mach, G.-K. Plattner, S.K. Allen, M. Tignor, and P.M. Midgley, eds. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA).
Jones, R. A. C. (2016) Chapter Three - Future Scenarios for Plant Virus Pathogens as Climate Change Progresses. Advances in Virus Research, 95 (1), 87-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aivir.2016.02.004
Jost, C., Kyazze, F., Naab, J., Neelormi, S., Kinyangi, J., Zougmore, R., Aggarwal, P., Bhatta, G., Chaudhury, M., Tapio-Bistrom, M., Nelson, S., & Kristjanson, P. (2015). Understanding gender dimensions of agriculture and climate change in smallholder farming communities. Taylor & Francis Online: Climate and Development, 8 (2), 133-135. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2015.1050978
Juruena MH., Molina AB., & Dalisay, T. (2014). Expression of Resistance and Susceptibility of “Cardava” and “Lakatan” Musa sp. Against Various Strains of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Schl. under Screenhouse Condition. Poster Presented at the 4th International Banana Symposium 2014 in Davao City, Philippines. November 17–21, 2014.
Kallarackal, J., Milburn, J., & Baker, D. (1990). Water Relations of the Banana. III. Effects of Controlled Water Stress on Water Potential, Transpiration, Photosynthesis and Leaf Growth. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 17 (1), 79-90. doi:https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9900079
Kamarck, A. M. (n.d.). The tropics and economic development : A provocative inquiry into the poverty of nations. Retrieved March 18, 2021, from https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/7756 91468780881698/the-tropics-and-economic-development-a-provocative-inquiry-into-thePoverty-of-nations
Kema, G., Drenth, A., Dita, M., Jansen, K., Vellema, S., & Stoorvogel, J. (2020). Editorial: Fusarium Wilt of Banana, a Recurring Threat to Global Banana Production. Frontiers in Plant Science: Plant Pathogens Interactions, 11 (628888), 1-3. doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.628888
Ketsa, S. (2007) Effects of relative humidity on banana fruit drop. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 45(1). DOI:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.02.004
Koide, N., Robertso, A., Ines, A., Qian, J., DeWitt, D., & Lucero, A. (2013). Prediction of Rice Production in the Philippines Using Seasonal Climate Forecasts. American Meteorological Society: Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 52 (3), 552-565. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0254.1
Kong, F., & Singh, R. (2011). Chemical deterioration and physical instability of foods and beverages. Food and Beverage Stability and Shelf Life. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/relative-humidity
Kreft, S., Eckstein, D., Junghans, L., Kerestan, C., & Hagen, U. (2014). Global Climate Risk Index 2015: Who Suffers Most From Extreme Weather Events? Weather-related Loss Events in 2013 and 1994 to 2013. Retrieved from https://www.germanwatch.org/sites/germanwatch.org/files/publication/10333.pdf
Knox, J.W., Panigrahi, N., Thompson, A. J., & Zubelzu, S. (2021). Identifying opportunities to improve management of water stress in banana production. Scientia Horticulturae, 276. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2020.109735
Know before you go: The Philippines. (2021, February 10). Retrieved March 12, 2021, from https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/article/partner-content-know-before-you-go-the-philippines#:~:text=Located%20in%20the%20Pacific%20Ocean,inhabited%20%E2%80%94%20that%20form%20an%20archipelago
Krishna Surendar, K., Rajendran, V., Durga Dev, D., Jeyakumar, P., Ravi, I., & Velayudham, K. (2013). Impact of water deficit on growth attributes and yields of banana cultivars and hybrids. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(48), 6116-6125. doi:10.5897/AJAR2013.7455
Laiprakobsup, T. (2019). The policy effect of government assistance on the rice production in Southeast Asia: Comparative case studies of Thailand, Vietnam, and the Philippines. Development Studies Research, 6(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/21665095.2019.1568900.
Lencucha, R., Pal, N.E., Appau, A., Thow, A., & Drope, J. (2020). Government policy and agricultural production: a scoping review to inform research and policy on healthy agricultural commodities. Springer Nature: Global Health, 16 (11), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-0542-2
Li, Y., Ti, F., Wang, Y., & Gudaj, R. (2019). The Value of El Niño-Southern Oscillation Forecasts to China’s Agriculture. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute: Sustainability, 11 (15), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11154184
Licuanan, W. Y., Cabreira, R. W., & Aliño, P. M. (2018). World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation (Second Edition). 2, 515-537. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100853-9.00051-8
Lockie, S., Travero, J., & Tennent, R. (2015). Private food standards, regulatory gaps and plantation agriculture: Social and environmental (ir)responsibility in the Philippine export banana industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 107, 122-129. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.03.039
Lu,L., & Guan, L. (2017). Efficiency evaluation of effect of direct grain subsidy policy on performance of rice production. Asian Agricultural Research, 9(4), 11–15. 10.22004/ag.econ.262768
Ma, L., Viljoen, A., & Molina, A. (2020). Fusarium Wilt (Panama Disease) and Monoculture in Banana Production: Resurgence of a Century-Old Disease. The American Phytopathological Society, 159-165. https://doi.org/10.1094/9780890546383.008
Magnaye, L. (2001). Status of Panama Disease in the Philippines: Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Banana Fusarium Wilt Disease. Davao National Crop Research and Development Center. 50-57.
Major Exports & Imports Of The Philippines – Bananas, Coconut Oil & Wheat All Features (2020, November 5). Retrieved March 13, 2021, from https://commodity.com/data/philippines/
Mann, M. E. (2018). Global warming - socioeconomic consequences of global warming. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/science/global-warming/Socioeconomic-consequences-of-global-war ming
Mason, N.M., & Smale, M. (2013). Impacts of subsidized hybrid seed on indicators of economic well-being among smallholder maize growers in Zambia. The Journal of International Association of Agricultural Economists, 44(6), 659–70. https://doi.org/10.1111/agec.12080
McCarthy, J. (2020). Why Climate Change and Poverty Are Inextricably Linked. Global Citizen. Retrieved November 30, 2021, from https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/climate-change-is-connected-to-poverty/
Milmo, C. (2014). Bananageddon: Millions face hunger as deadly fungus Panama disease decimates global banana crop. Independent. Independent Digital News & Media Limited, London. Retrieved from https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/politics/bananageddon-millions-face-hunger-deadly-f ungus-decimates-global-banana-crop-9239464.html
Molina, A. B., & Roa, V. N. (2000). Advancing banana and plantain R&D in Asia and the Pacific. https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=lV4k4j85r2AC&oi=fnd&pg=PA108&dq=gov ernment+support+banana&ots=2S2QRAXIj4&sig=2FDuOVtLie_Ei_WhJPlk0vuEBS4&redir_es c=y#v=onepage&q=government%20support%20banana&f=false.
Molina, A. B., Fabregar, E. G., Sinohin, V., Fourie, G., & Viljoen, A. 2008. Tropical race 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense causing new Panama wilt epidemics in Cavendish varieties in the Philippines. Phytopathology, 98(108).
Molina, A. B., Fabregar, E., Sinohin, V. G., Yi, G., Fourie, G., and Viljoen, A. 2009. Recent occurrence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 in Asia. Acta Hortic, 828, 109-116.
Molina, AB., Fabregar, EG., Ramillete, EB., Sinohin, VGO., Viljoen, A., Chao, CP. (2014). Field resistance of selected banana cultivars against tropical race 4 of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense in the Philippines. Poster Presented at the 4th International Banana Symposium 2014 in Davao, City. November 17–21, 2014
Muncan P., & Bozic, D. (2013). The effects of input subsidies on field crop production in Serbia. Economics of Agriculture, 60(3), 585-586.
Nordas, R., & Gleditsch, N. (2014). Climate Change and Conflict. Springer Link: Natural Resource Management and Policy, 46 (1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10954-1_3
Nozawa, K. (2016). Banana production and cooperatives in the Philippines: A structure for self-reliance of farmer growers under agrarian reform. Philippine Review of Economics, 53(2), 119-146. Retrieved from https://econpapers.repec.org/article/phsprejrn/v_3a53_3ay_3a2016_3ai_3a2_3ap_3a119-146.html
Nunes, C. N., Yagiz, Y., & Emond, J. (2013) Influence of environmental conditions on the quality attributes and shelf life of ‘Goldfinger’ bananas. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 86 (1), 309-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2013.07.010
Onumah, J.A., Williams, P.A., Quaye, W., Akuffobea, M., & Onumah, E.E. (2014). Smallholder cocoa farmers access to on/off-farm support services and its contribution to output in the eastern region of Ghana. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development, 4(10), 484–495. 10.22004/ag.econ.198429
Ordoñez, N., García-Bastidas, F., Laghari, H., Akkary, M., Harfouche, E., Awar, B., & Kema, J. (2015). First Report of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 Causing Panama Disease in Cavendish Bananas in Pakistan and Lebanon. The American Phytopathological Society Publications, 100 (1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-14-1356-PDN
Ordonez, N., Seidl, M., Waalwijk, C., Drenth, A., Kilian, A., Thomma, B., Ploetz, R., & Kema, G. (2015) Worse Comes to Worst: Bananas and Panama Disease—When Plant and Pathogen Clones Meet. Plos Pathogens, 11(11), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005197
Ortiz, A. D. (2012). Climate Change Impacts on Banana Production in the Davao Region of the Philippines (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267153187_Climate_Change_Impacts_on_Banana_Production_in_the_Davao_Region_of_the_Philippines
Other Crops: Volume of Production, by Region and by Province, 1990-2019. (2020, June 30). Retrieved from https://openstat.psa.gov.ph/PXWeb/pxweb/en/DB/DB__2E__CS/0062E4EVCP1.px/?rxid =bdf9d8da-96f1-4100-ae09-18cb3eaeb313.
Overview: Weather, global warming and climate change. (2021, January 28). Retrieved March 12, 2021, from https://climate.nasa.gov/resources/global-warming-vs-climate-change/
Pacheco, B., Aquino, R., Tanzo, W. (2010). "Typhoon Engineering" Efforts in the Philippines. Retrieved from http://www.iawe.org/WRDRR/2010/Aquino.pdf
PAGASA. (n.d.). Retrieved May 01, 2021, from http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/climate-change-in-the-philippines
Panama disease. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/science/Panama-disease
Panama disease Tropical race 4 - Department of Agriculture. (n.d.). Retrieved March 15, 2021, From https://www.agriculture.gov.au/pests-diseases-weeds/plant/panama-disease-tropical-rac E-4
Pegg, K. G., Moore, N. Y., & Sorenson, S. (1993). Fusarium wilt in the Asian Pacific region. Agricultural Research, 47, 637-650
Peng, S., Huang, J., Sheehy, J. E., Laza, R. C. & Visperas, R. M. (2004). Rice yields decline with higher night temperature from global warming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101 (27), 9971-9975.
Perez-Vicente, L., Dita, M., & De la Parte, E. (2014). Regional Sensitization Seminar and Workshop on the Prevention And Diagnostic of Fusarium Wilt (Panama Disease) of Bananas and Plantains Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense – Tropical Race 4. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/agphome/documents/Pests_Pesticides/caribbeantr4/00Fin alReport.pdf
Philippines. (2021, March 05). Retrieved March 12, 2021, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Philippines
Philippines, Philippine Statistics Authority, Sectoral Statistics Office. (1987-2020). Selected Statistics on Agriculture.
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Administration. (n.d.). Climate of the Philippines. Retrieved April 09, 2021, from http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/information/climate-philippines
Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS). (2005). Basics on Philippine climatology. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, V(2), Retrieved from https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/eid/pidseid0502.pdf
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2020). Major Fruit Crops Bulletin, October-December 2020. Retrieved from https://psa.gov.ph/fruits-crops-bulletin
Ploetz R., & Pegg K. (1997). Fusarium wih of banana and Wallace's line: Was the disease originally restricted to bis lndo-Malayan region?. Australasian Plant Pathology, 26 (4), 239- 249. 10.1071/AP97039
Ploetz, R.C., Thomas, J.E., & Slabaugh, W.R. (2003) Diseases of Banana and Plantains. In: Diseases of Tropical Fruit Crops. CABI Publishing, CABI International, Wallingford, Oxon, 73-134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851993904.0073
Ploetz, R. (2006). Fusarium wilt of banana is caused by several pathogens referred to as Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. The American Phytopathological Society, 96 (6), 653-654. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-96-0653
Quitoriano, E. (2008). In the Hands of Farm Workers: Can Banana Commercial Farms Survive?. Retrieved from https://vdocuments.site/in-the-hands-of-farm-workers-can-banana-commercial-farms-survive-200 8.html
Ramirez, J., Jarvis, A., Bergh, I., Staver, C., & Turner, D. (2011). Changing Climates: Effects on Growing Conditions for Banana and Plantain (Musa spp.) and Possible Responses. Wiley Online Library, 426-428. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470960929.ch29
Ravi, I., & Vaganan, M. (2016). Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Banana. Springer: biotic Stress Physiology of Horticultural Crops, 207. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2725-0_12
Regional Development Council XI, Davao Region Industry Cluster Roadmaps 2014-2030 (2014). http://industry.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Davao_Region_Industry_Clusters_Roadmaps _2014-2030.pdf
Regniere, J. (2012). Invasive Species, Climate Change and Forest Health. Springer Link: Forests in Development: A Vital Balance, 27-32. DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2576-8_3
Roberts, M., Dawe, D., Falcon, W., & Naylor, R. (2009). El Niño–Southern Oscillation Impacts on Rice Production in Luzon, the Philippines. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 48 (8), 1718- 1720. https://doi.org/10.1175/2008JAMC1628.1
Robinson, J.C., & Galan-Saúco, V. (2010). Banana and plantains. CAB. In International v. 19
Rodeo, A. (2016). The Philippine Fruit Industry: An Overview. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311067359_The_Philippine_Fruit_Industry_An _Overview
Roperos, N.I,. & Magnaye L.V. (1991). Status of Banana Diseases in the Philippines in Banana Diseases in Asia and the Pacific: Proceedings of the Technical Meeting on Diseases Affecting Banana and Plantain in Asia and at the Pacific, Brisbane, Australia. 15-18 April 1991. Montpellier, France: INIBAP pp. 52-66.
Rosegrant, M. W., Perez, N., Pradesha, A., & Thomas, T. S. (2016). The economywide impacts of climate change on Philippine agriculture. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). https://doi.org/10.2499/9780896292451
Rosenzweig, C., & Liverman, D. (1992). Predicted effects of climate change on agriculture: A of temperate and tropical regions. In Global climate change: Implications, challenges, and mitigation measures, ed. S. K. Majumdar, PA, USA: The Pennsylvania Academy of Sciences, pp. 342-361.https://www.scirp.org/(S(i43dyn45teexjx455qlt3d2q))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx? ReferenceID=1126874
Rowntree, K. (1989). Rainfall characteristics, rainfall reliability and the definition of drought: Baringo District, Kenya. Taylor Francis Online, 71(2), 74-80. DOI:10.1080/03736245.1989.9713513
S-012021-118-Hipolito [Zip]. (2021, February 15). Quezon City: Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA).
Sabiiti, G., Ininda, j., Ogallo, L., Opijah, F., Nimusiima, A., Otieno, G., Ddumba, S., Nanteza, J., & Basalirwa, C. (2016). Empirical relationship between banana yields and climate variability over Uganda. Journal of Environmental & Agricultural Sciences, 7 (1), 3-10.
Saengpook, C., Ketsa, S., & Doorn, W. (2007). Effects of relative humidity on banana fruit drop. Science direct: Postharvest Biology and Technology, 45 (1), 151-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.02.004
Salvacion, A. (2019). Effect of climate on provincial-level banana yield in the Philippines. Science direct: Information Processing in Agriculture, 7 (1), 50-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpa.2019.05.005
Salvacion, A., & Martin, A. (2016). Climate change impact on corn suitability in Isabela province, Philippines. Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology, 19 (1), 223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12892-016-0019-2
Salvacion, A. R., Cumagun, C. J., Pangga, I. B., Magcale-Macandog, D. B., Cruz, P. C., Saludes, R. B., & Aguilar, E. A. (2019). Banana suitability and Fusarium wilt distribution in the Philippines under climate change. Spatial Information Research, 27(3), 339-349. doi:10.1007/s41324-019-00239-3
Salau, O. R., Momoh, M., Olaleye, O. A., & Owoeye, R. S. (2016). Effects of Changes in Temperature, Rainfall and Relative Humidity on Banana Production in Ondo State, Nigeria. WSN 44, 143-154. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325710372_Effects_of_Changes_in_Temperature_Rainfall_and_Relative_Humidity_on_Banana_Production_in_Ondo_State_Nigeria
Semple, A. J., & Thompson A. K., (1989). Influence of the ripening environment on the development of finger drop in bananas. Science and Food Agriculture, 46 (2), 139-146I. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740460203
Shayanmehr, S., Henneberry, S., Sabouni, M., & Foroushani, N. (2020). Drought, Climate Change, and Dryland Wheat Yield Response: An Econometric Approach. MDPI: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (14), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17145264
Shi, Z., Huang, H., Wu, Y., & Chiu, Y. (2020). Climate Change Impacts on Agricultural Production and Crop Disaster Area in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. doi:10.3390/ijerph17134792
Simmons, P. (2002). Overview of Smallholder Contract Farming in Developing Countries. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/ae023e/ae023e00.htm
Smith, R. (2015). Banana Production in Greenhouses. Retrieved from https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/175841
Solomon S., Qin D., Manning M., Marquis, M., Averyt, K., Tignor, M., Miller, H., & Chen, Z. (2007). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I for the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar4/wg1/
Solpot, T. C., Pangga, I. B., Baconguis, R. D., & Cumagun, C. R. (2016). Occurrence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 and other genotypes in banana in South-Central Mindanao, Philippines. Philippine Agricultural Scientist, 99(4), 370-378. https://www.cabi.org/isc/abstract/20173082649
Soluri, J. (2002). Accounting for Taste: Export Bananas, Mass Markets, and Panama Disease. Environmental History, 7(3), 386-410. doi:10.2307/3985915
Sönke, S., Eckstein, D., Dorsch. L. and Fischer, L. (2016). Global climate risk index. Who Suffers Most From Extreme Weather Events? Weather-related Loss Events in 2014 and 1995 to 2014. Briefing Paper. Bonn: Germanwatch. Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/13503.pdf
Stover RH, (1962). Fusarium wilt (Panama disease) of bananas and other Musa species. Kew, Commonwealth Mycological Institute
Strange R. N., & Scott P.R. (2015) Plant Disease: A Threat to Global Food Security. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 43, 83-116. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.113004.133839
Surendar, K. K., Rajendran, V., Devi, D. D., Jeyakumar, P., Ravi, I., & Velayudham, K. (2013) Impact of water deficit on growth attributes and yields of banana cultivars and hybrids. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(48), 6116-6125. DOI: 10.5897/AJAR2013.7455
Tanure, T. M. P., Miyajima, D. N., Magalhães, A. S. Domingues, E. P., & Carvalho, T. S. (2019). The Impacts of Climate Change on Agricultural Production, Land Use and Economy of the Legal Amazon Region Between 2030 and 2049. Economia (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econ.2020.04.001
Timmusk, S., Nevo, E., Ayele, F., Noe, S., & Niinemets, U. (2020). Fighting Fusarium Pathogens in the Era of Climate Change: A Conceptual Approach. MDPI: Pathogens, 9 (6), 1-2. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9060419
Tolentino, P., Poortinga, A. ,Kanamaru, H., Keesstra, S., Maroulis, J., David, C., & Ritsema, C. (2016). Projected Impact of Climate Change on Hydrological Regimes in the Philippines. Plos one, 11(10), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0163941
Turner D. W., Lahav E. (1983) The growth of banana plants in relation to temperature. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 10, 43-54. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP9830043
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (2012). Crop water information: banana. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/nr/water/cropinfo_banana.html
Velicer, Wayne & Fava, Joseph. (2003). Time Series Analysis. 10.1002/0471264385.wei0223
Viljoen, A., Ma, L., & Molina, A. B. (2020). CHAPTER 8: Fusarium wilt (panama disease) and monoculture in banana Production: Resurgence of a Century-Old Disease. Emerging Plant Diseases and Global Food Security, 159-184. doi:10.1094/9780890546383.008
Viljoen, A. (n.d.). The History and Current Status of Banana Fusarium Wilt: From bananarama to bananagedon? from http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/banana/documents/Docs_Resources_2015/TR4/Current_status_of_Fusarium_wilt_disease_of_banana_and_future_risks-Altus_Viljoen.p df
Villafuerte, M., Matsumoto, J., Akasaka, I., Takahashi, H., Kubota, H., & Cinco, T. (2014). Long-term trends and variability of rainfall extremes in the Philippines. Science direct: Atmospheric Research, 137 (1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.09.021
Vurro, M., Bonciani, B., & Vannacci, G. (2010). Emerging infectious diseases of crop plants in developing countries: impact on agriculture and socio-economic consequences. Food Security, 2 (1), 113-132.
Wiley, J., (2008). The Banana: Empires, Trade Wars, and Globalization. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln
Workman, D. (2020). Bananas Exports by Country. Retrieved from https://www.worldstopexports.com/bananas-exports-country/
Wulandari, E., Supyandi, E., & Supyandi, D. (2017). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. In Agricultural Production and Access to In-kind Finance from Government: A Study of Banana Farms in Cianjur District, West Java. IOP Publishing Ltd. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/166/1/012042/meta.
Yahia, E. M. (2019). Postharvest Technology of Perishable Horticultural Commodities. 1-41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813276-0.00001-8.
Yi, F., Sun, D., & Zhou, Y. (2015). Grain subsidy, liquidity constraints and food security—Impact of the grain subsidy program on the grain-sown areas in China. Science Direct: Food Policy, 50 (1), 114-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.10.009
Yin, R., Liu, C., Zhao, M., Yao, S., & Liu, H. (2014). The implementation and impacts of China's largest payment for ecosystem services program as revealed by longitudinal household data. Science Direct: Land Use Policy, 40 (1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2014.03.002
Yu, R., Chen, H., & Sun, W. (2015). The Definition and Characteristics of Regional Rainfall Events Demonstrated by Warm Season Precipitation over the Beijing Plain. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 16 (1), 396-406. doi:https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-14-0086.1
Zayan, S. (2019). Impact of Climate Change on Plant Diseases and IPM Strategies. Plant Pathology and Management of Plant Diseases. doi:10.5772/intechopen.87055
Zhu, X., & Lansink, A. (2010). Impact of CAP Subsidies on Technical Efficiency of Crop Farms in Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 61 (3): 545–564. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9552.2010.00254.x
